What Are Mood Disorders?

"Mood disorders are mental health issues that mainly impact how a person feels emotionally." They involve ongoing feelings of sadness, emptiness, or irritability, or periods of excessive happiness. These shifts in mood are often intense and persistent, interfering with daily life.

???? Common Types of Mood Disorders

"Major Depressive Disorder (Depression) is marked by constant sadness, a sense of hopelessness, and a lack of interest

Bipolar Disorder: Alternating episodes of depression and mania (elevated mood, energy, or irritability).

Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder): Chronic, low-level depression lasting two years or more.

Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder but long-lasting form of bipolar disorder.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression linked to seasonal changes, often in winter.

⚠️ Symptoms to Look Out For

Depressive Symptoms:

Persistent sadness or low mood

Fatigue or low energy

Loss of interest in favorite activities

Changes in sleep or appetite

Difficulty concentrating

Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

Thoughts of death or suicide

Manic Symptoms (in Bipolar Disorder):

Increased energy or activity levels

Decreased need for sleep

Racing thoughts or rapid speech

Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

Risky behaviors (e.g., spending sprees, impulsive decisions)

???? What Causes Mood Disorders?

There’s no single cause, but several factors may contribute:

Genetics: Family history increases risk

Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine

Stress & Trauma: Life events such as abuse, loss, or chronic stress

Medical Conditions: Chronic illness or hormonal imbalances

Substance Use: Alcohol or drug abuse can trigger or worsen symptoms